Math:

Number Systems: This unit extends the concepts of real numbers from class 9. It covers the topics such as irrational numbers, real numbers and their decimal expansions, representation of real numbers on a number line, operations on real numbers, laws of exponents for real numbers, rational numbers and their decimal expansions, terminating and non-terminating recurring decimals, and representation of recurring decimals on a number line.

Algebra: This unit extends the concepts of algebra from class 9. It covers the topics such as polynomials, zeros of a polynomial, relationship between zeros and coefficients of a polynomial, division algorithm for polynomials, quadratic equations, standard form of a quadratic equation, solution of a quadratic equation by factorization, by completing the square and by using quadratic formula, relationship between discriminant and nature of roots, word problems based on quadratic equations, arithmetic progressions, nth term of an arithmetic progression, sum of first n terms of an arithmetic progression, word problems based on arithmetic progressions.

Coordinate Geometry: This unit extends the concepts of coordinate geometry from class 9. It covers the topics such as distance formula, section formula, area of a triangle, and collinearity of three points, slope of a line, various forms of equations of a line, general equation of a line, conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity of two lines, distance of a point from a line.

Geometry: This unit extends the concepts of geometry from class 9. It covers the topics such as similarity of triangles, criteria for similarity of triangles, areas of similar triangles, Pythagoras theorem and its converse, right triangles and Pythagorean triplets, basic proportionality theorem and its converse, tangents to a circle, number of tangents from a point to a circle, properties of tangents to a circle, constructions of tangents to a circle, and constructions of triangles.

Trigonometry: This unit introduces the concepts of trigonometry and its applications. It covers the topics such as trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle, proof of their existence, values of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45° and 60°, relationships between the ratios, trigonometric identities, proof and applications of the identity sin²A + cos²A = 1, trigonometric ratios of complementary angles, heights and distances, and word problems based on trigonometry

Mensuration: This unit extends the concepts of mensuration from class 9. It covers the topics such as surface areas and volumes of a combination of solids, conversion of solid from one shape to another, frustum of a cone, and word problems based on mensuration.

Statistics and Probability: This unit extends the concepts of statistics and probability from class 9. It covers the topics such as mean, median and mode of grouped data, cumulative frequency distribution and cumulative frequency curves (ogives), relation between central tendencies, mean, median and mode of ungrouped data, standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data, analysis and interpretation of frequency distributions, probability of an event, empirical probability, classical definition of probability, complementary events, independent and dependent events, mutually exclusive events, and algebra of events.

Physics:

Light – Reflection and Refraction: This topic deals with the concepts of light, reflection of light, laws of reflection, image formation by plane mirrors, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, magnification, refraction of light, laws of refraction, refractive index, Snell’s law, total internal reflection, critical angle, optical fibre, image formation by spherical lenses, lens formula, magnification, power of a lens, and applications of lenses.

Human Eye and Colourful World: This topic deals with the concepts of human eye, structure and functioning of human eye, power of accommodation, defects of vision and their correction, refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of white light, scattering of light, Tyndall effect, colour of the sky, colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset, and atmospheric refraction.

Electricity: This topic deals with the concepts of electric current, potential difference, Ohm’s law, resistance, resistivity, factors affecting the resistance of a conductor, series and parallel combination of resistors, heating effect of electric current, electric power, and interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Magnetic Effect of Electric Current: This topic deals with the concepts of magnetic effect of electric current, magnetic field and field lines, magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor, right-hand thumb rule, force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, Fleming’s left-hand rule, electric motor, electromagnetic induction, induced current and voltage, Fleming’s right-hand rule, electric generator, and domestic electric circuits.

Sources of Energy: This topic deals with the concepts of sources of energy, conventional and non-conventional sources of energy, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy, fossil fuels, thermal power plant, hydro power plant, biomass, wind energy, solar energy, energy from the sea, geothermal energy, nuclear energy, environmental consequences of using different sources of energy, and how to improve the efficiency of energy usage.

Chemistry:

Chemical Reactions and Equations: This chapter covers the concept of chemical reactions, writing balanced chemical equations, and understanding different types of chemical reactions including oxidation and reduction.

Acids, Bases, and Salts: Students learn about the nature of acids, bases, and salts, the concept of the pH scale, and the preparation and uses of common substances like sodium hydroxide, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, and plaster of Paris.

Metals and Non-metals: The properties of metals and non-metals, the reactivity series, formation and properties of ionic compounds, basic metallurgical processes, and corrosion and its prevention are discussed in this chapter.

Carbon and its Compounds: This chapter introduces carbon compounds, covalent bonding, the versatile nature of carbon, homologous series, nomenclature of carbon compounds, and the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. It also covers the chemical properties of carbon compounds and the uses of ethanol and ethanoic acid.

Periodic Classification of Elements: The need for classification of elements, early attempts at classification, Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s Law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, and the modern periodic table are explored, along with the gradation in properties, valency, atomic number, and metallic and non-metallic properties.